This course examines the risks and the role of governance in the use of AI, with a particular focus on Singapore’s approach to balancing technological advancement with ethical and regulatory concerns. Students will explore key AI safety challenges, including lack of transparency, bias, privacy vulnerabilities, cybersecurity threats, autonomous weaponisation, goal misalignment, and overreliance. Through inter-disciplinary perspectives, governance frameworks, and technical approaches to AI safety, students will critically assess trade-offs in policy decisions. Case studies will provide insights into aligning AI with human values, thereby allowing students to develop responsible AI strategies and contribute meaningfully to ethical AI deployment in Singapore and beyond.